Relieving Hypoxia in Tumors with Nanozymes

Solid tumors consist of cancer cells and their living environment, also termed tumor microenvironment (TME). There are many differences between TME and the normal human environment, among which the biggest difference is the high amount of H₂O₂, hypoxia and low pH. Because of these characteristics, a large number of cell growth factors, chemokines and hydrolases exist in the TME, causing inflammatory reactions, promoting the rapid proliferation of tumor cells, and making tumor tissues resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Previously, traditional cancer therapy avenues were mostly focused on cancer cells. Recently, more and more lines of evidence have shown that TME is also critical to malignant tumor behaviors. Creative Enzymes provides a variety of enzymes for treatment of tumors by relieving hypoxia.

Pt Nanozymes in Tumors Treatment via Relieving Hypoxia

• Through the CAT activity of nanozyme, H₂O₂ can be catalyzed to O₂, which can alleviate hypoxia in tumor tissues and promote apoptosis of tumor cells. It also cooperates with other light, sound and chemo dynamic therapies for tumor treatment.
• Creative Enzymes modifies Pt nanozymes with essential catalase activity, which can effectively decompose H₂O₂ accumulated in tumors to produce O₂ and alleviate tumor hypoxia. The generated O₂ can improve photodynamic anti-tumor activity, and the generated ¹O₂ can lead to the apoptosis of tumor cells.
• In addition, Pt nanozymes reduce the risk of tumor treatment by regulating the hypoxic environment and downregulating the expression of HIF-1α protein.

BiO_2−X Nanozymes in Tumors Treatment via Relieving Hypoxia

• We also synthesize BiO_2−X nanozymes with catalase activity.

Fig. 1 BiO_2–x nanozymes with catalase-like activity for hypoxia alleviation of tumors.

• Catalase activity can decompose the highly expressed H₂O₂ into O₂ at the tumor site, to alleviate tumor hypoxia. Besides, it can down-regulate the expression of HIF-1α, thus enhancing the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy.

CeO₂ Nanozymes in Tumors Treatment via Relieving Hypoxia

We synthesize a novel CeO₂ nanozyme that shows superior peroxidase activity and decomposes H₂O₂ into O₂. It can significantly alleviate tumor hypoxia, induce DNA damage, and achieve tumor treatment.

MnO₂ Nanozymes in Tumors Treatment via Relieving Hypoxia

• The modified MnO₂ nanozymes we synthesize and design have been found to have excellent catalase activity.
• They can generate O₂ by consuming endogenous H₂O₂, overcome tumor hypoxia and enhance photodynamic therapy to achieve esophageal cancer treatment.

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