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Inhibitors

Enzyme inhibitors are molecules that interact in certain ways with the enzyme to prevent it from functioning in a normal manner. They can alter the catalytic action of the enzyme and consequently slow down, or even stop catalysis. Inhibitors can act in various modes when interacting with the enzyme: reversible or irreversible inhibition, covalent binding or non-covalent binding, as well as specific or nonspecific inhibition. Based on the inhibition kinetics, enzyme inhibition can be categorized into three major types: competitive inhibition, non-competitive inhibition, and uncompetitive inhibition.

Competitive Inhibition

Competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor and a substrate both tend to bind to the enzyme in an exclusive manner. A competitive inhibitor could be any compound that closely resembles the chemical structure and molecular geometry of the substrate. The inhibitor competes for the same active site with the substrate molecule. Upon binding, interactions between the inhibitor and the enzyme may be strong in the active site, but no reaction would happen because the inhibitor does not carry the same chemical reactivity. As a result, the inhibitor is "stuck" on the enzyme and prevents any substrate molecules from reacting with the enzyme, and thus the reaction rate is decreased. However, a competitive inhibition is usually temporary and reversible. Therefore, the level of inhibition depends upon the relative concentrations of the substrate and inhibitor, as well as the relative affinities of the inhibitor and substrate to the active site, since they are competing for places in the enzyme active sites.

Non-Competitive Inhibition

Non-competitive inhibitors bind to the enzyme regardless of whether the active site is already occupied by the substrate. In fact, the enzyme could be in complexes with either the substrate or inhibitor, or both during non-competitive inhibition. A common form of non-competitive inhibition is called allosteric inhibition, where the inhibitor does not bind to the active site, but the allosteric site. Binding to an allosteric site distorts the 3-dimensional tertiary structure of the enzyme, such that it can no longer catalyze a reaction. There are also other mechanisms of non-competitive inhibition than allosteric inhibition. For example, both the substrate and inhibitor could bind to the active site at the same time. Some non-competitive inhibitors are irreversible and permanent because they denature the enzymes effectively. However, there are also non-competitive inhibitors reversibly and non-permanently stops the enzymatic reaction, which are vital in controlling metabolic functions in organisms.

Uncompetitive Inhibition

Uncompetitive inhibition is not commonly seen. An uncompetitive inhibitor binds to the enzyme and enhances the binding affinity of the substrate, but the resultant enzyme-inhibitor-substrate complex undergoes reaction to form the product very slowly. It should be noted that uncompetitive inhibition requires the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex prior to binding to the inhibitor. To the contrary, non-competitive inhibition can occur with or without the substrate present.

Application of the Enzyme Inhibitors

Enzyme inhibitors play important roles in pharmaceutical and biochemical industries. They can be widely used in metabolic control, as metabolic poisons and medicines. For example, many poisons work by inhibiting the action of enzymes involved in metabolic processes, which defends a plant or animal against predators. In addition, some enzyme inhibitors can be used as drugs in the treatment of various diseases. Some antimicrobial drugs are enzyme inhibitors that deactivate the enzymes that are needed for the survival of pathogens.

Creative Enzymes gladly supply various enzyme inhibitors of premier grade to the customers. We persist in being the most reliable supplier for enzyme products in the global market. Today, Creative Enzymes is a leading company in enzymes and enzyme-related products, and is well known for the high level of customer satisfaction. We deliver the products in a momentary span of time from order placement to final delivery. Our prompt service, dedicated customer care, and reliable approaches have made us the most preferred vendor.

Catalog Product Name EC No. CAS No. Source Price
CEI-0946 PF-03814735 942487-16-3 Inquiry
CEI-0945 ENMD-2076 934353-76-1 Inquiry
CEI-0944 GSK461364 929095-18-1 Inquiry
CEI-0943 Golvatinib (E7050) 928037-13-2 Inquiry
CEI-0942 TG 100713 925705-73-3 Inquiry
CEI-0941 ABT-263 (Navitoclax) 923564-51-6 Inquiry
CEI-0940 P276-00 920113-03-7 Inquiry
CEI-0939 MK-2461 917879-39-1 Inquiry
CEI-0938 CGK 733 905973-89-9 Inquiry
CEI-0937 Apogossypolone (ApoG2) 886578-07-0 Inquiry
CEI-0936 KU-0060648 881375-00-4 Inquiry
CEI-0935 GDC-0152 873652-48-3 Inquiry
CEI-0934 TAK-285 871026-44-7 Inquiry
CEI-0933 GW2580 870483-87-7 Inquiry
CEI-0932 MLN8054 869363-13-3 Inquiry
CEI-0931 AT101 866541-93-7 Inquiry
CEI-0930 Tideglusib(NP031112, NP-12) 865854-05-3 Inquiry
CEI-0929 GSK429286A 864082-47-3 Inquiry
CEI-0928 Motesanib Diphosphate (AMG-706) 857876-30-3 Inquiry
CEI-0927 ARRY334543 (Varlitinib) 845272-21-1 Inquiry
CEI-0926 Danusertib (PHA-739358) 827318-97-8 Inquiry
CEI-0925 PD 0332991 (Palbociclib) Isethionate 827022-33-3 Inquiry
CEI-0924 PD 0332991 HCl 827022-32-2 Inquiry
CEI-0923 FMK 821794-92-7 Inquiry
CEI-0922 Apoptosis Activator 2 79183-19-0 Inquiry
CEI-0921 OSU-03012 (AR-12) 742112-33-0 Inquiry
CEI-0920 R547 741713-40-6 Inquiry
CEI-0919 Barasertib (AZD1152-HQPA) 722544-51-6 Inquiry
CEI-0918 PHA-793887 718630-59-2 Inquiry
CEI-0917 NSC319726 71555-25-4 Inquiry