Enzyme for Antibody Research

Antibody research aims to study the structure, function, and application of antibodies, essential proteins in immune defense and medical research. Enzymes are indispensable in antibody research, providing essential tools for the modification, detection, and analysis of antibodies. Specific enzymatic reactions, such as proteolysis, glycosylation modification, and conjugation, are widely used to study and improve antibody properties.

Focused on the analysis and modification of peptides and glycans, Creative Enzymes provides high-quality enzyme products to support the most advanced antibody research.

Proteolytic Enzymes for Antibody Research

Proteolytic enzymes, or proteases, cleave peptide bonds in antibodies to produce specific fragments such as Fab (fragment antigen-binding) and Fc (fragment crystallizable). These fragments are critical in structural and functional studies.

Proteases

Proteases are crucial for antibody research as they hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins, allowing controlled fragmentation of antibodies. Key applications include:

• Antibody Digestion: Proteases like papain and pepsin (native porcine pepsin) are used to cleave antibodies into functional fragments. Papain produces Fab and Fc fragments, while pepsin generates F(ab')₂ fragments. These fragments are useful in structural studies, functional assays, and therapeutic applications.
• Epitope Mapping: Proteases help determine the binding sites of antigens by breaking down protein structures around the binding region.
• Purification and Isolation: Protease treatments can be employed to remove contaminant proteins during antibody purification.

Glycosidases

Glycosidases are enzymes that hydrolyze glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates, enabling analysis and manipulation of glycan structures on antibodies. Their roles include:

• Glycan Analysis: Enzymes like Peptide N-Glycosidase F (PNGase F) remove N-linked glycans from antibodies, aiding in the study of glycosylation patterns, which are critical for antibody stability, efficacy, and immunogenicity.
• Glycoengineering: Glycosidases, in combination with glycosyltransferases, are used to modify glycan structures to improve antibody properties such as enhanced ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) or altered pharmacokinetics.
• Quality Control: Glycosidases are integral in biopharmaceutical production to assess the glycan consistency of therapeutic antibodies.

Enzymes for Antibody Characterization

Arginine specific protease digests proteins C-terminal to arginine residues and is used for antibody characterization.

Enzymes for Antibody Labeling

Enzymes are utilized for site-specific or uniform labeling of antibodies:

• Peroxidases (e.g., HRP): Horseradish peroxidase is commonly conjugated to antibodies for detection in ELISA, Western blotting, or immunohistochemistry.
• Transglutaminases: These enzymes catalyze the covalent attachment of small molecules or reporter groups (e.g., fluorophores) to specific glutamine residues in the antibody, ensuring site-specific labeling.
• Glycosyltransferases: These enzymes add chemically modifiable glycans to antibody glycosylation sites. The modified glycans can then be conjugated to fluorescent dyes, radioactive isotopes, or affinity tags.

Enzymes for Antibody Conjugation

Enzymes facilitate the attachment of therapeutic payloads, such as drugs or toxins, to antibodies:

• Sortase A: Sortase A recognizes specific sequences (e.g., LPXTG) in antibody proteins and catalyzes the ligation of peptides or other molecules to the antibody. This enzyme is widely used for site-specific conjugation in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).
• Glycosidases and Glycosyltransferases: Glycosidases can expose glycan residues, while glycosyltransferases enable the attachment of functional groups or payloads to glycosylation sites.
• Proteases: In conjugation workflows, proteases can be employed to modify antibody fragments, ensuring compatibility with conjugation strategies.

Advantages of Creative Enzymes Products

• Full Range of Products: IgG Proteases and IgG Glycosidases: Our offering of complete range of IgG proteases and IgG glycosidases positions itself as a one-stop solution for antibody research, structural characterization, and glycan analysis.
• Highly Site- and Sequence-Specific Enzymes: Enzyme specificity is a critical factor for ensuring reliable and reproducible results in both research and industrial applications. We provide highly site- and sequence-specific enzymes.
• Innovative and Unique Enzymes: The inclusion of innovative and proprietary enzymes in our portfolio reflects our leadership in enzyme technology and our ability to address emerging challenges in research and industry.
• Short Incubation Times (30 Minutes to 2 Hours): Efficiency in research and industrial processes is a top priority, and short incubation times for enzymatic reactions significantly enhance productivity.

Enzymes are indispensable in antibody research, enabling the fragmentation, labeling, detection, glycosylation analysis, and engineering of antibodies. Their unique catalytic properties facilitate diverse applications in diagnostics, therapeutics, and biotechnology.

Creative Enzymes provides advanced enzyme tools for antibody-based biotherapeutic research. Our solutions are designed to enhance every stage of antibody development. Contact us for expert technical support tailored to your research needs.