Light industry usually produces small consumer goods, such as food, textile, furniture, papermaking, printing, daily chemicals, sporting goods and so on. It is a raw material-oriented industry. Most light industrial products are produced for end-users rather than intermediate products for use in other industries. Compared with heavy industry, light industry usually requires less raw materials, space and electricity, and causes less pollution. With the development of enzyme engineering, enzyme plays a more and more important role in the field of light industry.
Application of Enzymes in Animal Feed Industry
Enzyme has been used as feed additive in industry for decades. During this period, the feed enzyme industry has gone through several stages of development. The first phase was the use of enzymes to enhance nutrient digestibility. The industry then started to advocate enzyme addition to poultry diets based on nonviscous grains, such as sorghum and corn. The next phase is the application of enzymes to noncereal grain components of the diet. The enzyme industry today is constantly searching for new areas of application.
Application of Enzymes in Detergent Industry
The detergent industry is an important application area where industrial enzymes are utilized to boost cleaning performance. Enzymes represent environmentally sound alternatives to the use of toxic chemicals and pollutants, with reduced generation of waste and added performance benefits as the result. Enzymes have effectively promoted the development and improvement of modern household and industrial detergents. The main categories of detergent enzymes-protease, lipase, amylase and cellulase-each provide special benefits for laundry and automatic dishwasher applications.
Application of Enzymes in Textile Industry
The enzymes used in textile field are amylase, catalase and laccase, which are mainly used for starch removal, hydrogen peroxide degradation, textile bleaching and lignin degradation. The application of enzyme in textile chemical processing is rapidly recognized by all countries in the world because of its non-toxic and environmental protection characteristics, which puts forward higher and higher requirements for textile enterprises to reduce pollution in textile production. In addition, the use of enzymes reduces processing time, saves energy and water, and improves product quality and potential process integration.
Application of Enzymes in Leather Processing
Leather processing is one of the highly polluting industrial activities. The traditional chemical method of depilation is the main cause of pollution in leather processing industry. The extensive use of sulfides not only has adverse consequences for the environment, but also undermines the efficiency of sewage treatment plants. Therefore, the systematic use of protease instead of lime and sulfides to rationalize the depilation process has become a primary problem in leather processing. This will lead to a substantial reduction of effluent load and toxicity in addition to improvement in leather quality.
Application of Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Industry
The application of enzymes in pulping and papermaking industry began in 1986, but their use is relatively small. However, the publication of an increasing number of papers on the subject demonstrated growing interest in the issue. Cellulase, xylanase, laccase and lipase are the most important enzymes in pulping and papermaking. In addition, the main goal of enzyme development is xylanase to promote bleaching and cellulase modification of fiber. The development trend of enzymes is mainly focused on improving the thermal stability and alkaline strength of enzymes.
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