Enzyme Applications
Enzyme is a protein with catalytic activity, and its catalytic efficiency is hundreds to thousands of times higher than that of inorganic catalyst. In addition to the characteristics of general chemical catalysts, enzymes have the advantages of high catalytic efficiency, strong specificity, and mild reaction conditions. Enzyme engineering is a new technology formed by the combination of enzyme theory and chemical technology. It can eliminate the inherent shortcomings of many chemical conversion processes in various industries and is an important driving force for great changes in the traditional chemical industry. With the development of enzyme engineering, the application of enzyme preparation in industries is becoming more and more important.
Enzymes in Pharmaceutical Industry
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Enzymes can be used as drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Enzyme as a drug has two unique characteristics. First, enzyme can specifically bind to the target. Second, enzymes can catalyze the conversion of target molecules into desired products. Therefore, enzyme as a drug has incomparable potential and advantages over ordinary small molecular drugs. |
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Most of the enzymes used in the food industry were extracted from animal offal and plants, but now most of them are obtained by microbial fermentation. Generally speaking, the purity of food enzymes does not need to be particularly high, most of them are partially purified enzymes, unless there is a special application, such as the protein decomposing enzyme used in low-calorie beer, the higher the purity, the better the effect. Glucoamylase was the most widely used enzyme in food processing, followed by protease, lipase and esterase, and followed by oxidoreductase and isomerase. |
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Enzymes are widely used in feed, textile, papermaking, leather, detergent, and other industrial production. The addition of enzymes in feed can improve the utilization rate of starch, protein, and minerals; degrade the antinutritional factors existing in animal feed; prevent animal indigestion and improve feed digestibility. Amylase and lipase are mainly used in fabric pulping, improving whiteness, pigment absorption, and softening fabric. Pretreatment of pulp with xylanase and cellulase in the papermaking industry can reduce the amount of chemical bleach. Laccase can degrade lignin in pulp and improve the whiteness of paper. |
Enzymes in Environmental Management
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Enzymes are powerful tools that help sustain a clean environment in several ways. They are utilized for environmental purposes in a number of industries including agro-food, oil, animal feed, detergent, pulp and paper, textile, leather, petroleum, and specialty chemical and biochemical industry. Enzymes also help to maintain an unpolluted environment through their use in waste management. Recombinant DNA technology, protein engineering, and rational enzyme design are the emerging areas of research pertaining to environmental applications of enzymes. The future will also see the employment of various technologies including gene shuffling, high throughput screening, and nanotechnology. |
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In the modern world, biotechnology often refers to the process of making or modifying products using living systems or organisms. Besides the traditional fermentation, biotechnological tools have expanded to employ more advanced sciences, such as genetic engineering, applied immunology, and medicinal therapies and diagnostic. Among these tools, a variety of enzymes are indispensable—they may appear as hammers and chisels to help accomplish molecular biology experiments, or they may act as efficient micro-reactors in industrial production. |
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