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Lipids, the essential building blocks of life, are a diverse class of hydrophobic or amphipathic molecules that play critical roles in cellular structure, energy storage, and signaling pathways. Their structural diversity and functional adaptability have led to extensive research and application in both natural and engineered forms. Creative Enzymes offers natural, modified and synthetic lipids, each demonstrating their immense importance in science and industry.
Natural lipids are produced by living organisms and encompass a wide array of structures, including fatty acids, phospholipids, sterols, and glycolipids. These lipids, formed primarily through biosynthetic pathways, fulfill indispensable biological functions.
Natural lipids exhibit remarkable structural diversity, ranging from simple fatty acids to complex sterol derivatives such as cholesterol. Fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains ending in a carboxyl group, while triglycerides serve as primary energy stores. Phospholipids, integral to cell membranes, have a hydrophilic phosphate head and hydrophobic fatty acid tails, forming bilayers that compartmentalize the cellular environment. Cholesterol, a sterol, modulates membrane fluidity and serves as a precursor for steroid hormones.
Natural lipids are indispensable for energy storage, cell membrane integrity, and signal transduction. Triacylglycerols provide a high-energy reserve, storing more than double the energy per gram compared to carbohydrates. Phospholipids and glycolipids create barriers essential for cellular compartmentalization, while lipids like prostaglandins act as signaling molecules regulating inflammation, immunity, and vascular tone.
Natural lipids are derived from various biological sources and are classified based on their origin:
Plant-Based Sources
Animal-Based Sources
Microbial Sources
Natural lipids are versatile and widely utilized across various industries:
While natural lipids play fundamental roles, their stability, availability and functional specificity can limit their utility in advanced applications. For example, their susceptibility to oxidation and enzymatic degradation is often a challenge for industrial use.
Figure 1: Sources, common properties, and functional roles of the dietary oils and fats. Abbreviations: DAG, Diacylglycerol; DHA, Docosahexenoic acid; EPA, Eicosapentenoic acid; MAG, Monoacylglycerol; MUFA, Mono-unsaturated fatty acid; PL, Phospholipid; PUFA, Poly-unsaturated fatty acid; SFA, Saturated fatty acid; TAG, Tri-acylglycerol; TFA, Trans-fatty acid. (Ye et al., 2021)
Modified lipids are naturally occurring lipids that have been chemically or enzymatically modified to improve their properties, functionality or stability. These modifications are tailored to meet the requirements of specific scientific and industrial applications.
Modified lipids are derivatives of natural lipids that have been chemically or enzymatically modified to improve their properties or introduce specific functionalities. Here are a few notable examples:
Figure 2: Hydrogenated oil is oil that has all the C=C bonds reduced.
Figure 3: Schematic composition and organization of different types of modified phospholipids nanocarriers. (Adapted from Giordano et al., 2024)
Synthetic lipids are artificially constructed molecules designed to mimic or surpass the functions of natural lipids. These lab-engineered compounds have unlocked new frontiers in medicine, material science, and biotechnology.
Synthetic lipids are created through de novo synthesis, allowing precise control over their structure and properties. By adjusting hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, researchers can fine-tune the molecule's behavior, such as membrane permeability or interaction with biomolecules.
Figure 4: Chemical structures of the various synthetic lipids. They are either labeled by the chalcone chromophore or not and bear either an RGD peptide headgroup or a control hydroxyl group. (Marchi-Artzner et al., 2003)
Figure 5: Synthetic lipid based nanocarriers. (Adapted from Kumar et al., 2022)
A comparison of natural, modified, and synthetic lipids is summarized in the table below.
Aspect | Natural Lipids | Modified Lipids | Synthetic Lipids |
Source | Extracted from plants, animals, or microbes | Natural lipids chemically or enzymatically altered | Entirely synthesized in the lab |
Applications | Basic biological and nutritional functions | Enhanced industrial, pharmaceutical, and food uses | Advanced drug delivery, nanotechnology, and bioengineering |
Advantages | Biocompatible, abundant in nature | Improved stability and functionality | Highly customizable with novel properties |
Limitations | Limited stability, prone to degradation | Risk of toxicity, environmental concerns | Expensive production, potential immunogenicity |
Discover the limitless potential of natural, modified, and synthetic lipids with our premium product range. Whether you're advancing pharmaceutical research, creating innovative food solutions, or developing cutting-edge industrial applications, Creative Enzymes has the expertise and high-quality lipids to meet your needs. Contact us today and unlock the next breakthrough in your industry!
References:
Catalog | Product Name | EC No. | CAS No. | Source | Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NSMZ-048 | Yeast Extract Polar | Inquiry | |||
NSMZ-047 | Yeast Extract Total | Inquiry | |||
NSMZ-046 | E. coli Extract Total | 1240502-50-4 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-045 | Dolichol (13~21) | 153857-77-3 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-044 | Brain Extract Polar | 86088-88-2 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-043 | Heart Extract Polar | 86088-90-6 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-042 | Liver Extract Total | 86088-91-7 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-040 | E. coli CA | 796964-05-1 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-038 | Ganglioside-Total | 383907-71-9 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-035 | Brain Lyso PE | 475995-55-2 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-034 | Egg Lyso PC | 97281-36-2 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-032 | Ceramide (Egg) | 477243-06-4 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-030 | Ceramide (Brain) | 497156-25-9 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-024 | E. coli PE | 94581-14-3 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-018 | E. coli PG | 796963-92-3 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-017 | Heart PE | 477241-93-3 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-015 | Heart PC | Inquiry | |||
NSMZ-007 | Brain PS | 383907-32-2 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-004 | Dilyso Heart CA | 383907-65-1 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-003 | Brain PI(4)P | 475995-51-8 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-002 | Ganglioside GM3 (Bovine Milk) | 1246353-19-4 | Inquiry | ||
NSMZ-001 | Ganglioside GD3 (Bovine Milk) | 1246353-20-7 | Inquiry |