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Acid Synthetase

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Official Full Name
Acid Synthetase
Background
In enzymology, a N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.43) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:CTP + N-acylneuraminate↔ diphosphate + CMP-N-acylneuraminate. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CTP and N-acylneuraminate, whereas its two products are diphosphate and CMP-N-acylneuraminate. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing nucleotide groups (nucleotidyltransferases). This enzyme participates in aminosugars metabolism.
Synonyms
EC 2.7.7.43; N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase; CMP-sialate pyrophosphorylase; CMP-sialate synthase; cytidine 5'-monophosphosialic acid synthetase; CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase; CMP-NeuAc synthetase; acylneuraminate cytidyltransferase; CMP-N-acetylneuraminate synthetase; CMP-N-acetylneuraminate synthase; CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase; CMP-NANA synthetase; CMP-sialate synthetase; CMP-sialic synthetase; cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase; cytidine 5-monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase; cytidine monophosphosialic acid synthetase; cytidine monophosphoacetylneuraminic synthetase; cytidine monophosphosialate pyrophosphorylase; cytidine monophosphosialate synthetase; acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
Catalog Product Name EC No. CAS No. Source Price
EXWM-3255 N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase EC 2.7.7.43 9067-82-7 Inquiry
NATE-0023 CMP-Sialic Acid Synthetase from Neisseria meningitidis group B, Recombinant EC 2.7.7.43 9067-82-7 E. coli BL21 Inquiry
Related Info

Related Reading

Introductions

Acid synthase, also known as adenosuccinate synthase (ADSS), is an enzyme that plays a key role in the metabolism of purine nucleotides. Acid synthase catalyzes the conversion of inosine monophosphate (IMP) and aspartate to adenosuccinate and then to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). This process is essential for the synthesis of purine nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Structure

Acid synthase consists of two subunits: a larger catalytic subunit and a smaller regulatory subunit. The catalytic subunit contains two functional domains: the N-terminal glutamine amidotransferase (GAT) domain and the C-terminal adenylate synthase (AS) domain. the GAT domain hydrolyzes glutamine to produce ammonia, which is required for the formation of the purine ring. the AS domain then uses the ammonia produced by the GAT domain to synthesize adenylate from IMP and aspartate. The regulatory subunit interacts with the catalytic subunit to stabilize its conformation and regulate its activity.

Function

Acid synthase is essential for the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides. Purine nucleotides are essential for DNA and RNA synthesis as well as energya metabolism and cell signaling. In humans, defects in acid synthases can lead to a variety of diseases, including neurological and developmental abnormalities, immunodeficiencies, and cancer. In addition, acid synthase is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, and autism spectrum disorders.

Applications

Acid synthases have a wide range of applications in both basic and applied research:

  • In the field of drug discovery, acid synthases are targets of several classes of drugs, including anticancer agents, antivirals, and immunosuppressants.
  • In addition to its use in drug discovery, acid synthase has been used as a diagnostic marker for several diseases. For example, elevated levels of acid synthase have been observed in several types of cancer, including breast, prostate, and lung cancers.
  • Acid synthase activity has been suggested as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of autism spectrum disorders.

Conclusion

Acid synthase is a key enzyme that plays a crucial role in the ab initio synthesis of purine nucleotides, which are essential for DNA and RNA synthesis, energy metabolism, and cellular signaling. Defects in acid synthases can lead to a variety of diseases, including neurological and developmental abnormalities, immunodeficiencies, and cancer. Acid synthases have a wide range of applications in both basic and applied research, including drug discovery and disease diagnosis. With further research, acid synthases have the potential to become valuable targets for the development of new therapies and diagnostic tools for a variety of diseases.

Clinical significance

Acid Synthetase

  • Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: Defects in ADSS enzyme activity are associated with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by neurological symptoms, behavioral problems, and overproduction of uric acid.
  • Cancer: Elevated expression of ADSS has been observed in several types of cancer, including breast, prostate and lung cancers.
  • Autism spectrum disorders (ASD): Recent studies have shown that ADSS activity is significantly increased in the brains of individuals with ASD. ADSS activity may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for ASD.