Description
The cofactors FMN and FAD participate in numerous processes in all organisms, including mitochondrial electron transport, photosynthesis, fatty-acid oxidation, and metabolism of vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folates. While monofunctional riboflavin kinase is found in eukaryotes, some bacteria have a bifunctional enzyme that exhibits both this activity and that of EC 2.7.7.2, FMN adenylyltransferase. A divalent metal cation is required for activity (with different species preferring Mg2+, Mn2+ or Zn2+). In Bacillus subtilis, ATP can be replaced by other phosphate donors but with decreasing enzyme activity in the order ATP > dATP > CTP > UTP.
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