In vitro
Apigenin inhibits PKC by competing with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Apigenin also reduces the level of TPA-stimulated phosphorylation of cellular proteins and inhibits TPA-induced c-jun and c-fos expression. Apigenin exhibits the reverting effect on the transformed morphology of v-H-ras transformed NIH3T3 cells. Apigenin has been shown to possess anti-mutagenic properties in a setting of nitropyrene-induced genotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Apigenin suppresses of LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide synthase-2 activity and expression in mouse macrophages. Apigenin has been reported to inhibit protein kinase C activity, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), transformation of C3HI mouse embryonic fibroblasts and downstream oncogenes in v-Ha-ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells.
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