4-Methylumbelliferone(4-MU) is a hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.4 mM. 4-MU inhibited proliferation, motility, and invasion of DU145, PC3-ML, LNCaP, C4-2B, and/or LAPC-4 cells. At IC(50) for HA synthesis (0.4 mM), 4-MU induced >3-fold apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, which could be prevented by the addition of HA. The anticancer effects of 4-MU, an orally bioavailable and relatively nontoxic agent, are primarily mediated by inhibition of HA signaling.
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