Enzyme for anti-inflammatory and swelling
Enzyme used as an anti-inflammatory agent has a certain impact on the increase of vascular permeability of inflammatory lesions, leukocyte migration, granulation tissue formation. Clinically, enzymes are used to achieve the purpose of anti-edema and promoting exudate reabsorption after trauma, surgery, arthritis, sinusitis and other edema associated with inflammation. Enzymes can not only used in oral administration, but also for cleaning wounds and suppuration. For example, papain is a commonly used anti-inflammatory enzyme. In modern medicine, it is believed that papain has the similar performance with pepsin. It can be used to digest protein to treat gastritis and dyspepsia, and it has significantly effective on hard-to-hydrolyzed proteins. Therefore, it is called as biological scalpel with the ability to resolve dead cells, wound debridement, treatment of burns and scalds. In medicine, bromelain can be used in vivo to dissolve fibrin and blood clots, so that it can be used to treat edema and a variety of inflammation; It can be quickly dissolving the callus, harmless to normal tissue, does not affect the skin graft, suitable for the treatment of small and medium-sized area of deep burn. Lysozyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glycosidic bonds between peptidoglycan N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid on bacterial cell walls. Hydrolysis of glycosidic makes peptidoglycan molecule rupture, leads to the imbalance of osmotic pressure on both the inside and outside of the cell wall, resulting in cell rupture, leading to the death of microorganisms due to dissolution of cell wall. Using lysozyme to treat various acute inflammation of the ENT, such as acute pharyngitis, acute laryngitis, acute otitis media can achieve an obvious effect. Additionally, chymotrypsin, superoxide dismutase and other anti-inflammatory anti-swollen enzymes have also been mass-produced, and are widely used in the pharmaceutical and health products industry.
Thrombosis medicinal enzyme
A thrombus is a small piece formed on the surface of a blood vessel at a flaring or repair of a cardiovascular system by blood. It consists of insoluble fibrin, deposited platelets, accumulated leukocytes and entrapped erythrocytes. Thrombosis in the elderly are more common, and easily leads to hypertension, arteriosclerosis and other diseases. Urokinase isolated from healthy human urine or human kidney tissue can catalyze the cleavage of plasminogen into plasmin, which not only degrades fibrin clots but also degrades fibrinogen in the blood circulation, clotting factors Ⅴ and coagulation factor Ⅷ, etc. Thus it functions as thrombolysis, improving vascular ADP enzyme activity, inhibiting ADP-induced platelet aggregation and preventing thrombosis. Streptokinase extracted from streptococci can activate plasminogen, so that it can dissolve the clot so as to achieve the purpose of treating thrombus. Natto kinase in natto is a fibrinolytic enzyme that directly breaks thrombus, has strong thrombolytic effect, and can be directly used orally without hemorrhagic side effects. At present, these three enzymes have been widely used in pharmaceutical production.
Gastrointestinal medicinal enzyme
Enzyme as a digestive agent used in clinical, it can supplement the lack of endogenous digestive enzymes. It is also used to treat digestive disorders or promote digestion. Digestive enzymes play very crucial roles in the digestion and absorption of the elderly. Initially, the application of protease in the field of medicine is in the digestive medicine for the treatment of mutual malnutrition and loss of appetite. Chymotrypsin and trypsin are important enzymes for digesting food, and often used with amylase, lipase and other complex agents to increase efficacy. Pepsin, cellulase, etc. also have the treatment of indigestion, loss of appetite, etc. and currently has a very large production and consumption.
Vascular expansion activation enzyme
Now the larger-yield and widely used cardio-cerebral activation enzymes are mainly kallikrein, elastase and streptokinase. Kallikrein is extract and refined from mammalian pancreas, submandibular gland and urine. It enables inactive kininogen to release active kinin which has a significant vasodilator effect and can be used for various circulatory disorders caused by vasoconstriction. Elastase can break down elastin in connective tissue proteins. It can be divided into pancreatic elastase and mycotoxin two major categories according to the source. The former is derived from the animal’s pancreas by water extraction, the later one is derived from the bacterial culture at low temperatures with water. Elastase is now widely used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
Prothrombin and anticoagulant enzyme
Snake venom antithrombin is isolated and refined from the Bothropetarardca snake venom in Brazil. It has thrombin and thromboplastin-like effect and can shorten the bleeding and clotting time, reduce blood loss. Thromboplastin molecule consists of protein and phospholipid, it can be extracted from a variety of organizations. It is rich in brain, lung, placental tissue. It can promote the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, thereby accelerating blood clotting. Ling Tong bolt enzyme is a widely used anticoagulant for acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, sudden deafness, chronic arterial occlusive disease associated with ischemic symptoms (occlusive thrombotic vasculitis , Occlusive arteriosclerosis), peripheral circulation disorders, etc.
Antitumor medicinal enzyme
L-aspartase is the first enzyme used to treat leukemia. Because asparagine synthase is absent in cancer cells, which itself does not produce the required asparagine for growth, whereas L-aspartase can cut Exogenous asparagine supply, so for cancer, especially leukemia treatment it has a significant effect.
Antiviral medicinal enzyme
Replication process of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is similar to the retrovirus. First, the DNA is transcribed into pregenomic RNA (pGRNA), and then it encapsulated by DNA polymerase and core protein molecules to form core particles. Reverse transcription and DNA positive strand synthesis performance in the core particle to complete the virus genome replication. The c protein (HBsAg, HBcAg) of HBvc gene expression is involved in the assembly of the virus nucleocapsid, and the target antigen for immune attack. Therefore, cutting c region gene can not only inhibit the replication of HBv, but also block the expression of HBcAg. According to the replication characteristics of hepatitis B virus, studies have shown that the inhibitory rates of ribozyme on the expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in cells are respectively 55% and 28%. At the same time, the study also showed that the hammerhead ribozyme RzC in HepG 2.2.15 cells showed the ability of anti-HBV infection, may be used as a means of HBV gene therapy. The use of ribozymes in the treatment of viral diseases has broad prospects.
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