I. Application in feed
The use of enzymes in feed mainly has following three functions: improving the utilization of starch, protein and minerals; degrading the anti-nutritional factors present in animal feed; avoiding the indigestion due to the immature digestive system, insufficient endogenous enzymes of young animals to improve feed digestibility. There are currently four major categories of enzymes used in the feed industry: dietary fiber (cell wall) degrading enzymes, protein degrading enzymes, starch degrading enzymes and phytase.
Poultry feed
Adding compound enzymes containing amylase, xylanase and protease to corn-soybean product can increase the ileal digestive capacity (2% -7%) in broiler chicken, gaining and balancing weight of broilers, lowering mortality; improving broiler growth rate and feed utilization. Adding glucoamylase to viscous grain (barley / wheat / rye) diets improves feed conversion efficiency and growth performance. Adding glucoamylase to sticky grains (barley / wheat / rye) can improve feed conversion efficiency and improve growth performance.
Pig feed
Adding exogenous enzyme to corn-oybean product supplemented with various flour by-products such as wheat flour / rice bran / bran, leaching or whole fat barley bran has obvious improvement in production performance. Xylanase can improve the swine’s growth rate and feed conversion rate and prevent dysentery caused by soluble fermented starch and resistant starch of feed ingredients. Adding extraneous carbohydrate enzymes to viscous grains such as wheat/barley improves the solubility of feed in the gut, degrades insoluble dietary fiber, decreases feed water retention, and improves digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.
Fish feed
The vast majority of aquatic animals are invertebrates and lower vertebrates, the digestive system is imperfect, there are many fish without stomach, only with digestive tract. The digestive tract is neutral or alkaline and xylanase-free, and protease activity is relatively low, which will affect the absorption of nutrients in the feed, so it is necessary to add exogenous enzymes to aid digestion. Exogenous enzymes added to fish feed should be neutral alkaline.
Adding protease and hydrolytic enzymes in fish feed can effectively decompose and digest the macromolecular polymer in the feed into easily absorbable small pieces of nutrients and is able to digest some macromolecules that are hard to be decomposed and absorbed by the fish itself, reduce fish intestinal viscosity and improve feed utilization. Additionally, adding phytic acid to the feed can increase the utilization rate of phytic acid phosphorus, reduce phosphorus concentration in excrement, reduce indigestible matter of excrement, improve feeding environment and reduce water pollution.
II. Application in the brewing industry
Enzyme preparation and brewing industry are inseparable and mutually integral. Whatever Chinese ancient distiller’s yeast for brewing, the malt used in modern beer, the Jiuyao in Chinese Huangjiu or the Daqu in Chinese liquor are all rich in enzymes.
Beer
Beer industry is the largest one for using enzyme preparation. Enzymes used in beer can increase the ratio of excipients, increase the degree of fermentation, make up for the instability of malt quality, reduce color and costs, facilitate operation, increase variety, improve quality and equipment utilization, etc. At present, enzymes used in Chinese beer industry are listed in Table 1:
| Enzyme types | pH value | Temperature (℃) | Effect |
| Thermostable alpha-amylase | 5.5 ~ 7.0 | 65 | Achieve accessories liquefaction in gelatinization pot |
| β-Amylase | 6.8~8.0 | 30~35 | increase the malt sugar content in saccharification pot |
| Glucoamylase | 4.0 ~ 4.5 | 58 ~ 60 | increase the degree of fermentation, brewing high-quality dry beer in Shihua pot |
| Neutral protease | 6.7 ~ 8.0 | 50 ~ 55 | increase α-amino nitrogen in saccharification pot |
| Papain | 5.0 ~ 7.0 | 65 | improve the stability of α-amino ammonia in saccharification pot or live wok |
| Glucose oxidase | 3.5 ~ 6.5 | 20 ~ 70 | improve the beer shelf life in the sake tank |
| β- Dextranase | 5.5 ~ 7.0 | 55 | improve the filtration performance in saccharification or fermenter pot |
| Isoamylase | 5.6 ~ 7.2 | 50 | increase the degree of fermentation in sacharification pot |
Table 1
Liquor
The combination of enzyme preparation and traditional process can not only solve the problems existing in the production of liquor, but also further improve the quality, increase the variety and reduce the consumption. In the solid state law, adding glucoamylase in beer production process can improve the saccharification effect, reduce the generation of unpleasant taste, and make the wine pure. In the liquid method, adding compound glucoamylase (including protease, cellulase, etc.) in beer production process can shorten the fermentation cycle, reduce the fermentation viscosity, improve the liquor yield of raw material and the liquor quality in order to close or reach the flavor requirements of Jiuqu.
Other alcoholic drinks
Adding the appropriate amylase and protease in the production of rice wine can increase the liquor yield rate, variety and improve quality. Adding pectin complex enzyme in wine and ratafia production can reduce the viscosity and stabilize quality. Adding fungal α-amylase, complex protease, cellulase, phytase, pectinase and other enzyme system of special enzymes to soy sauce brewing process can enhance and complement the lack of microbial enzymes in soy sauce brewing, and promote The decomposition of protein and starch in raw materials, improve the utilization of raw materials, promote the formation of flavor substances, improve the fermentation rate and flavor of soy sauce, increase the yield. Adding middle temperature amylase in vinegar production can dilute the concentrated liquid; adding glucoamylase can improve the saccharification rate; adding cellulase and protease can reduce the viscosity of the fermented material, increase the wine yield.
III. Applications in other industries
Enzyme is also widely used in textile, medicine, papermaking, leather, detergent and other production.
Enzymes used in the textile industry are mainly amylase, protease, catalase, cellulose/hemicellulase, pectinase and lipase. Amylase and lipase are mainly used in the fabric of the demulsification to improve whiteness, pigment absorption and soften the fabric; protease is mainly used for silk, hemp degumming; cellulose/hemicellulase and pectinase are for the removal of non-protein fiber components of wool to reduce burrs; cellulase used in denim water mill process can reduce clothing wear, enhance the carrying capacity and reduce water pollution; adding catalase to bleaching process of cotton and wool products can shorten the flushing time between bleaching and dyeing, reduce the damage of hydrogen peroxide on fabric, and also be environment-friendly.
In the paper industry, pre-treating pulp with xylanase/cellulase can reduce the usage of chemical bleach; laccase can degrade lignin in the pulp and increase paper whiteness. In the process of dealing with wastewater, enzymatic deinking, enzymatic de-resin and enzymatic de-slurry have also been widely used.
Enzyme also works well in the leather making process. Roteases and lipases are used to soak and soften the leather; trypsin and protease are used for hair removal; alkaline proteases are used for liming; lipases are used for degreasing; and even tanning waste can be treated with enzymes. These applications can not only reduce pollution, but also convert the waste into other resources for reuse.
Adding a small amount of alkaline protease to the detergent can degrade the dirt protein into small peptides, so that the protein dirt on the fabric can be removed more effectively. A small amount of cellulase can improve the fabric softness, make the fabric more gorgeous color and texture clearer. Moreover, since cellulase can act on the non-crystalline regions of the fabric fibers to elute the deep deposits, thereby improving the detergency of the detergent.
Enzymes are also widely used in pharmaceutical production, and enzymes themselves can also become drugs.
Nowadays, tens of thousands of industrial enzymes are applied in every aspect in our life every year. As the government attaches great importance to pollution control, people’s awareness of environmental protection continues to increase, the enzyme production and application areas will surely continue to expand, and its application prospect is promising. Exploring the application of enzyme technology in the industry, improving production efficiency furtherly and product performance will surely have a positive effect on human sustainable development.
Related Products at Creative Enzymes:
Leave a Reply